Shotgun and Ammo for Quail Hunts: How to Choose the Right Setup

Quail hunting typically requires a lighter shotgun than that of a turkey or large waterfowl hunt. You'll need something that shoots accurately without destroying the meat, and you need to be able to quickly shoulder it when birds flush from cover. 

If you're considering getting into quail hunting or want to find the best shotgun for quail, then keep reading: we're going to explore the firearm options and the best ammo for quail hunting, taking a close look at choke, shot size, and even some insider tips to get you started. 

Why Hunters Use Shotguns to Hunt Quail

Quail are small and have unpredictable flight patterns. When shooting, you'll want something that can compensate for this and make it easier to hit moving targets.

That's why a shotgun is the right choice for this type of game. Most quail shots are within 15–30 yards, which is the ultimate distance for shotgun patterning and spread. 

Shotguns are light, reliable, and easy to handle (like these upland shotgun options from our friends at Savage Arms). Firearms of 20 and 28 gauge have an even lighter frame than the classic 12, making them a solid all-day-carry option that can swing quickly on fast birds. 

For smaller game, maximizing the amount of viable meat is an ethical priority; small pellets can bring down quail cleanly with minimal meat damage. By choosing the right shotgun and ammo for quail, you won't overpower these delicate birds. 

Shotguns are truly versatile firearms, and you can opt for a pump, semi-automatic, or double-barreled model. You can change chokes and shot sizes depending on cover, range, bird behavior, and even target species in some cases. Shotguns are the traditional firearm of choice for upland bird hunting, proven to work effectively for covey birds, such as quail.

Finally, shotguns are typically a safer option than rifles when hunting quail, as there is less of a risk of over-penetration, especially in the brush and deep quail habitat. 

What Gauge Shotgun Is Best for Quail?

So, what is the best shotgun for quail?

The best shotgun gauge for quail is likely the 20 gauge. It offers light recoil and fast handling, while still maintaining effectiveness at short to medium ranges. For a lighter firearm with less recoil, the 28-gauge is also a popular choice, ideal for day-long shooting sessions that cover considerable mileage. 

If you hunt anything other than large game, then you probably already have a trusty 12-gauge in your gun safe. The 12-gauge will get the job done; however, it can be heavier and overpower delicate quail. With a strategic choice of shot, such as field loads, you can help mitigate those issues (if your 12-gauge is on the lighter side, even better). 

Smaller gauges, such as .410, may look ideal, but the low pellet count and narrow bore make them better suited for someone with a high level of experience. The .410 is a far less forgiving firearm, requiring extreme accuracy and precision. 

What Are the Different Types of Shotgun and Ammo For Quail?

Shotguns also offer a variety of shot sizes. For upland game, you'll need small pellets, such as birdshot or fieldshot, which are suitable for quail, dove, and pheasant. 

Buckshot is larger and appropriate for hunting deer and predators. Slugs are single, large projectiles that are also suitable for big game or defensive purposes. 

Many states, such as Washington, and federal hunting areas require the use of non-toxic loads such as steel, bismuth, and tungsten instead of lead shots, which can cause poisoning and environmental problems. 

What Size Shot Should I Use for Quail?

The best ammo for quail hunting is smaller shot sizes, such as #7 ½ or #8 shot. This ammunition is standard for quail and will pair well with an open choke, offering a good pellet count and pattern density. Some hunters also use a #9 shot for close-range quail hunting. 

Larger shot sizes, such as #5 and #6, typically raise the risk of damaging birds and lack the pellet density required for quail shooting. If that's all you have on hand, use a tighter choke to increase the density. 

What Is the Best Choke for Quail?

The ideal shotgun choke for quail is the improved cylinder (IC) due to its medium to wide patterning effectiveness at typical quail ranges. For something a little more open and ideal for the closer-range shooting of skittish birds, consider switching to a skeet choke. 

A modified choke has its place; reserve it for longer-distance shooting, as the tighter pattern can damage birds at close range. 

How Much Ammunition Should I Take Quail Hunting?

As a rule of thumb, aim to bring at least 3–4 boxes (about 75–100 shells) per day of hunting. As my buddy always says, "you can always bring them home"; it's better to have more and not need them than to run out in the middle of a session. 

If you're a beginner, expect to lose a few shells to the sky. However, if you have a decent amount of experience, you can get by with fewer shells. 

Keep your quail hunting gear light, but don't forget to wear hunter orange and bring plenty of water. 

Tips for Finding and Hunting Quail

Finding birds is the most essential step in an upland hunt, and this process begins before you slip on your hunting vest.

To get started, use the HuntWise mapping features to scout ideal hunting territory. Look for edge cover, such as transitions between open fields and brush, where birds can seek cover and make a fast escape. Anywhere with dense brush is going to be a high-priority location, and you can start marking these zones on your HuntWise map.

Cross-referencing with wildlife department numbers and maps can point you in the right direction and provide some indication of bird numbers, as they may offer population forecasts and habitat maps. 

On the ground, quail are commonly in brushy draws, thickets, or grassy cover. It's best to hunt in cool mornings and late afternoons when quail are more active. They're edge-dwelling birds, requiring a blended cover for nesting and roosting as well as more open zones for feeding. 

A good bird dog will help flush these coveys, especially those in deep cover. When they flush, mark where the single birds land, then return to flush them again. This standard tactic works well and offers better shooting opportunities, as scattered birds tend to hold tighter. 

Always move slowly and be ready. Quail flush explosively and relatively low, and you will hear the heavy flap of their wings as they start to move. Be sure of your target and what lies beyond it, no matter how fast the action may be unfolding around you. 

For the Best Quail Movement and Timing Insights, Choose HuntWise 

Ultimately, the best shotgun for quail hunting is the one that fits your hunting needs, handles quickly, and gives you confidence. If you've got a 12-gauge and some field shot, great. If you're in the market for a 20-gauge, then that's even better. 

Once you've got your quail hunting outfit sorted, it's time to put in some research. Jump on the HuntWise app to start exploring quail zones and putting together the ultimate upland hunt with detailed maps, weather forecasts, and tips to help you build the ultimate quail hunting plan. 

Download HuntWise and use your 7-Day free trial to plan your quail hunt!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

We have answers to the most common questions about shotgun and ammo for quail hunts!

Q: What size shot should I use for quail?

A: Use small birdshot. #7-1/2, #8, or #9 are most common. #8 is a great all-around choice. It's enough pellets for quick patterning and good energy on 15–35-yard shots.

Q: What is the best choke for quail?

A: A modified choke (or improved cylinder for close, brushy cover) is ideal. Modified gives a useful pattern density out to common quail ranges. Tighter chokes (full) are usually unnecessary.

Q: What gauge shotgun is best for quail?

A: Either 20-gauge or 12-gauge works well. 20-gauge is lighter and pleasant for long days. 12-gauge offers more flexibility if you also hunt larger birds. Some hunters prefer a 28-gauge for very light carry.

Q: What are the different types of shotgun ammo?

A: Birdshot (many small pellets) is used for quail and other upland birds. Hunters use buckshot (fewer, larger pellets) for big game or defense. Slugs (single projectile) are also great for big game at short/medium ranges. There are also variants by material (lead, steel, bismuth, tungsten), hull length (e.g., 2-3/4", 3"), and special loads (reduced recoil, high-velocity).

Q: How much ammunition should I take quail hunting?

A: Bring enough for 50–150 shots per hunter for a typical day. Plan on the lower end for calm, selective shooting and the higher end if dogs are flushing lots of birds or you expect high bird density. Adjust up if you like to swing often or the hunt is long.